Creamy Potato Salad

INGREDIENTS:-

• 8 medium potatoes, cooked and diced
• 1 1⁄2 cups mayonnaise
• 2 tablespoons cider vinegar
• 2 tablespoons sugar
• 1 tablespoon yellow mustard
• 1 teaspoon salt
• 1 teaspoon garlic powder
• 1⁄2 teaspoon pepper
• 2 celery ribs, sliced
• 1 cup onion, minced
• 5 hard-boiled eggs
•    paprika

DIRECTIONS:-

• Boil peeled potatoes in salted water until done. Cool to room temperature.
• Place diced potatoes in large bowl.
• Mix mayonnaise, cider vinegar, sugar, mustard, salt, garlic powder, and pepper in another bowl.
• Add to potatoes.
• Add celery and onions and mix well.
• Stir in eggs.
• Sprinkle a little paprika on top.

Expert Tips:-

1. For a slightly sweet potato salad, add 1/3 to 1/2 cup sweet pickle relish in step 2.
2. Trim fat grams by using fat-free mayonnaise and just 2 eggs.
3. Round red and white potatoes are waxy and work best for potato salad because the pieces stay firm when fully cooked. Baking potatoes, which are starchy, tend to break apart and become mushy in salads.

Beautiful Hadith is about the the Miskin

Abu Hurairah RA reported: Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "A Miskin (needy) is not the one who can be turned away with a date-fruit or two, or a morsel or two. The true Miskin is one who, despite his poverty, abstains from begging". (Bukhari and Muslim)

Industrial automation system and method for efficiently transferring time-sensitive and quality-sensitive data US 6505247 B1

Inventors-Perry Steger, David Pierce                                                               

ABSTRACT

The system and method of industrial automation provides improved network transfer of data between nodes. The system comprises a plurality of computer systems which are interconnected through a network, wherein each of the computer systems executes industrial automation software. One or more of these computer systems interface to various hardware I/O devices for data acquisition. Each computer system is home to one or more client and/or server processes. Before data acquisition begins, every server process registers a plurality of time/quality (TQ) groups, wherein each TQ group is identified by a time/quality identification value (TQID), and wherein each TQ group represents a set of associated data elements. When a hardware I/O device generates data, a server process which is linked to that device through a device driver receives a block of data from the device. The driver assigns to the block a single timestamp and a single quality value. Using a real-time protocol, the server adds one or more blocks of data to a packet and transmits the packet to every client which has subscribed to the data. For increased network and computational efficiency, the real-time protocol includes compression techniques and is exception-based: only changed data elements, changed timestamps, and changed quality values are sent to clients. Both the clients and the server store the TQID for each block, so that the client can more efficiently update the changed timestamps and changed quality values for all data elements in a TQ group.                                                                         

DESCRIPTION

PRIORITY TO PRIOR PROVISIONAL APPLICATION

This application claims benefit of priority of provisional application Ser. No. 60/097,447 filed Aug. 21, 1998 whose inventors were Perry Steger and David Pierce.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to industrial automation software which provides a graphical interface to a process, such as either a human machine interface (HMI) or supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) capabilities.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Industrial automation applications generally perform various functions such as a human machine interface (HMI), data logging, I/O interfacing, advanced control, and enterprise connectivity. Industrial automation applications, also referred to as process monitoring and control applications, cover many applications and industries, including applications in industrial and research environments; continuous, batch and discrete processes; and I/O operations ranging from data collection to SCADA to direct control. Personal computer systems are increasingly being used in industrial automation applications. Reasons for the increasing use of personal computers in industrial automation applications include the open PC architecture, which is both highly flexible and adaptable to many functions; high computational performance at a relatively low cost; a wide variety of off-the-shelf software and hardware products which provide a wide range of data acquisition, analysis, presentation, and management tools; and the relative ease of connecting various computer systems within a system.

PC based systems often either replace or supplement existing systems such as distributed control systems (DCS) or a PLC (programmable logic controller) based system. Where a PC based system supplements an existing control system, the PC based system can serve many different types of auxiliary functions which enhance the use of these systems and provide lower expansion costs. Industrial automation software executing on a personal computer provides an architecture for applications ranging from simple HMI to large sophisticated SCADA systems. This industrial automation software generally supports functions such as PLC interfacing, trending and data logging, among others.

Modern PC based industrial automation software applications generally allow the user to monitor and control the process from any workstation or computer on the network. The industrial automation software generally provides networking capabilities which allows the user to view the same or different screens simultaneously on separate nodes, make set point adjustments and acknowledge alarms from any node, and configure specific nodes for monitoring only, among others.

In prior systems, there have basically been three methods for networking multiple computer nodes. One method for networking multiple computer nodes on a network in an industrial automation system is referred to as multi-link networking. This method requires a net DDE (network dynamic data exchange) link for each and every value being passed between the nodes. Dynamic data exchange (DDE) is a Microsoft application tool that allows the user to connect live data from one Windows application to another. After a DDE link has been established, any data value change in the source application automatically and immediately updates the associated value in the linked application. Once values have been linked, any change to the value of one object is instantly propagated to and reflected by the second object at the other computer. Another type of net DDE networking is referred to as table-to-table networking. This method implements a “data concentrator concept” at each node wherein each node includes one or more concentrators, also referred to as table objects, which are linked between the nodes. The user basically links a table to a corresponding table at another computer using net DDE. Once linked, the tables update each other on any and all changes within their databases. The second type of networking which has traditionally been performed is referred to a hardware networking. In this method, all nodes in the industrial automation system which are desired to be networked are required to have direct communication access to all of the hardware. Thus, in this method, the PLCs, Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and other I/O are the mechanisms for sharing data between nodes. This method does not rely on data being directly passed between the industrial automation computer systems also referred to as nodes. The third method uses the OPC (OLE for Process Control) Data Access interfaces together with DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model) to make network connections between a server and client. The server exposes an OPC interface that exposes functions to read and write variable values. These functions are marshalled across the network using DCOM so that the client can call them just as if the server were on the same machine as the client. This solution has the advantage of simplicity on the part of person developing the server and client applications. It has the disadvantage that each call into the OPC interface blocks while a message is sent over the network from client to server and a response is sent back. Additionally, there is no mechanism for data compression in the OPC/DCOM protocol.

In a networked industrial automation system including a plurality of nodes, it is highly desirable for data values received from hardware devices, such as PLCs, to be received by each of the clients which desire to monitor or receive the respective data. For example, each computer system or node on the network can act as a client, and each client can subscribe to thousands of data points from various other devices. Accordingly, this large transfer of data can consume a large amount of network bandwidth and thus degrade system operation.

For example, when a hardware device generates data, current industrial automation software assigns a timestamp and quality value to every data element. This results in increased network traffic and storage requirements. Also, data is transferred through the network in packets wherein each packet has associated overhead in terms of headers, footers, error correction information, and other protocol information.

Therefore, an improved networked industrial automation system and method is desired for data transfer among nodes in the network. It would be highly desirable for the system to provide an efficient mechanism for transferring large amounts of data, wherein the system is scalable and hence provides graceful degradation as the number of data points being transmitted increases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comprises a computer based industrial automation system and method which provides improved network transfer of data between different nodes. In the preferred embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of computer systems, referred to as nodes, which are interconnected through a network. One or more of these computer systems interface to various hardware I/O devices in the industrial automation system such as PLCs (programmable logic controllers), etc. Each of the computer systems preferably executes industrial automation software according to the present invention. The industrial automation software provides a graphical interface (GUI) to the process, e.g., as either a human machine interface (HMI) or as a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system.

In the preferred embodiment, when a hardware I/O device generates data, a server process or object is notified and receives the data from the hardware I/O device. The server process maintains a database of clients which are interested in the data being provided or published by the respective hardware I/O device. In response to receiving the data element from the hardware I/O device, the server creates a packet for the data for transfer over the network to a respective client, or to each of a plurality of clients which are interested in the data. The server preferably uses a novel real-time protocol for creation of the packet and transfer of the packet over the network in substantially real time.

In the preferred embodiment, the server process operates to compress the data using delta compression, wherein a delta value represents the change in the data value of the data element with respect to the prior data element value. The server process then represents this delta data value as an integer value times a quantum value, wherein the quantum value was previously determined or agreed upon between the server and the respective one or more clients. This quantum value is predetermined to enable the server process to optimally represent the delta data value as an integer value and hence preferably within a single byte format.

The server process comprises one or more drivers and one or more real-time servers. In the preferred embodiment, the driver reads a block of data elements from one or more hardware devices. The driver then assigns a single timestamp and a single quality value to the block of data elements. The quality value represents the presence or absence of specified error conditions which affect the quality of the data at the time it is generated by the data acquisition device. The driver provides the block, including the single timestamp and single quality value, to a real-time server. The real-time server then generates a packet comprising one or more blocks received from one or more drivers, wherein each block includes a plurality of data elements, the single timestamp, and the single quality value. The real-time server sends the entire block, including the single timestamp and the single quality value, using delta compression, so that only the changed values and latest timestamps and quality values are sent to clients. By using a single timestamp and single quality value for each block of data elements, the method reduces network traffic and storage requirements.

In the preferred embodiment, for each block that the driver will acquire, the server process has previously registered a time/quality (TQ) group with the real-time protocol on both the client and server ends. A TQ group defines a set of associated data elements which share a timestamp and quality value. A time-quality identification value (TQID) identifies a pre-defined TQ group, and the server process and each of the clients store a TQID for each TQ group. The system and method utilize the TQID to more efficiently update data elements stored by a subscribing client: for each TQ group as identified by a TQID, the server only sends to each subscribing client the changed data elements and the latest timestamp and quality value, and the client updates the appropriate data elements with the latest timestamp and quality value by referring to the TQID for those data elements.

In the preferred embodiment, the server operates to add compressed data element values to a packet for either a predetermined timeout period or until the payload of the packet has reached a certain size. Thus, the system essentially uses a “train station” model, wherein the train does not leave the station (the packet is not transmitted) until the train (packet) is substantially full or a certain time period has elapsed. By maximizing the payload of compressed data values comprised in the packet, the system operates to transfer a large amount of data with respect to each packet, thus reducing the overhead associated with protocol information of respective packets. In other words, the system operates to transfer the largest amount of data possible for each respective packet, thus reducing the overhead associated with each data element value. Once the payload of the packet has reached a certain size and/or a timeout period has elapsed, the server process transfers the packet to each of the one or more clients which are interested in the data. The client then operates to remove the payload of compressed data values from the packet, decompress the data, and perform any desired operations or storage with respect to the received data values.

In one embodiment, the server process determines if a plurality of clients are interested in at least a subset of the same data elements. If so, the server process operates to generate a multi-cast packet which is a packet comprising data element values, preferably in a compressed format, which are desired by each of the plurality of clients. Once this packet is completed, i.e., has reached a certain size and/or a certain time out period has elapsed, the server process operates to multi-cast this packet to each of the plurality of clients which are interested in this common data. This further reduces network traffic by reducing the amount of individual packets which would normally be required to be transmitted in a point-to-point single-cast system

Masala Dal Vadai

Ingredients :-

• 1 cup Bengal gram,soaked for 2 hours,( chana dal)
• 1 onion, finely chopped,( piyaz)
• 2 cloves(Laung)
• 1 cinnamon stick(Dalchini)
• 2 tbsp coriander, finely chopped, (hara dhaniya)
• 3 red chillies, dried,crushed(Sookhi lal mirch)
• 1 tbsp ginger,chopped fine ( adrak)
• 1 tbsp garlic, chopped, ( lehsun)
• 2 tbsp rice flour(chawal ka Atta)
• 1 Tbsp fennel seeds, (saunf)
• Oil to deep fry (tel )
• salt to taste, (namak)
• 200 gms coconut chutney to serve, (nariyal chutney)

Preparation method:-

1. Soak chana dal for 2 hours and put in the blender.
2. Add red chillies, ginger, cloves and cinnamon and grind coarsely. If needed add a little water. Make sure the mix ture is dry.
3. Remove the mixture in a big bowl.
4. Add onions, garlic, coriander, fennel seeds and salt.
5. For binding add rice flour and mix everything properly.
6. In a wok heat oil for deep frying.
7. Make small dumplings of this batter and deep fry them until they are golden brown.
8. Remove on a paper towel to soak excess oil.
9. Arrange the vadai into a serving plate and serve hot with coconut chutney.

VEGGIE FINGERS

Ingredients:-

1)Potatoes-3 (boiled and mashed)
2)Carrots-1/2 cup chopped)
3)Fenugreek (Methi)-1/4th cup (chopped)
4)Beans-3-4(chopped)
5)Salt to taste
6)Pepper to taste
7)Bread crumbs-1 cup
8)Oil for frying

Preparation method:-

Method for veggie fingers:-Mix all the ingredients in a bowl and shape it up like fingers and deep fry till golden in color. Serve with ketchup

Beautiful Hadith is about Zakat

Abu Hurairah RA reported: The Messenger of Allah (pace be upon him) said, "Any person who possesses gold or silver and does not pay what is due on it (i.e., the Zakat); on the Day of Resurrection, sheets of silver and gold would be heated for him in the fire of Hell and with them his flank, forehead and back will be branded. When they cool down, they will be heated again and the same process will be repeated during the day the measure whereof will be fifty thousand years. (This would go on) until Judgement is pronounced among (Allah's) slaves, and he will be shown his final abode, either to Jannah or to Hell." It was asked, "How about someone who owns camels and does not pay what is due on him (i.e., their Zakat)?" He (peace be upon him) replied, "In the same way the owner of camels who does not discharge what is due in respect of them (their due includes their milking on the day when they are taken to water) will be thrown on his face or on his back in a vast desert plain on the Day of Resurrection and they will trample upon him with their hoofs and bite him with their teeth. As often as the first of them passes him, the last of them will be made to return during a day the measure whereof will be fifty thousand years, until Judgement is pronounced among (Allah's) slaves, he will be shown his final abode either to Jannah or to Hell." It was (again) asked: "O Messenger of Allah, what about cows (cattle) and sheep?" He (peace be upon him) said, "If anyone who possesses cattle and sheep and does not pay what is due on them (i.e., their Zakat); on the Day of Resurrection, he will be thrown on his face in a vast plain desert. He will find none of the animals missing with twisted horns, without horns or with a broken horn, and they will gore him with their horns and trample upon him with their hoofs. As often as the first of them passes him, the last of them will be made to return to him during a day the measure whereof will be fifty thousand years, until Judgement is pronounced among (Allah's) slaves; and he will be shown his final abode either to Jannah or to Hell." It was asked: "O Messenger of Allah, what about the horses?" Upon this he (peace be upon him) said, "The horses are of three types. One, which is a burden for the owner; another which is a shield, and another one which makes its owner entitled to reward. The one for whom these are a burden is the person who rears them for show or for pride or for causing injury to the sentiments of the Muslims. They will be a cause of torment for their owners. The one for whom these are a shield is the person who rears them for the sake of Allah but does not forget the Right of Allah concerning their backs and their necks (i.e., he lets a needy ride on them), and so they are a shield for him. Those which bring reward to the one who rears them in pastures and gardens are the ones that are used in the Cause of Allah (Jihad) by the Muslims. Whatever they eat from the meadows and the gardens will be recorded on his behalf as good deeds so much so that their droppings and urine will be counted for an equal number of good deeds for him. Even when they break their tying rope and every height from which they climb and every hoofprint which they leave will be counted as a good deed on behalf of the owner. When their owner leads them through a stream from which they drink, though he does not intend to quench their thirst, yet Allah would record for him the quantity (of water) of what they would drink on his behalf as good deeds." It was asked: "O Messenger of Allah, what about the donkeys?" Upon this he (peace be upon him) said, "Nothing has been revealed to me in regard to the donkeys in particular except this one Verse of a comprehensive nature: "So whosoever does good equal to the weight of an atom (or a small ant) shall see it. And whosoever does evil equal to the weight of an atom (or a small ant) shall see it."' (Quran 99:8,9). (Bukhari and Muslim)

Beautiful Hadith is about Destructive Sins

Narrated Abu Huraira RA: The Prophet (peace be upon him)said, "Avoid the seven great destructive sins." They (the people!) asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What are they?" He said, "To join partners in worship with Allah; to practice sorcery; to kill the life which Allah has forbidden except for a just cause (according to Islamic law); to eat up usury (Riba), to eat up the property of an orphan; to give one's back to the enemy and fleeing from the battle-field at the time of fighting and to accuse chaste women who never even think of anything touching chastity and are good believers." (Bukhari - Book 86 Hadith 80)

Beautiful Hadith is about Zakatul Fitr

Narrated Ibn `Umar RA: The Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered the people to pay Zakat-ul-Fitr before going to the Eid prayer. (Bukhari - Book 24 Hadith 110)

Beautiful Hadith is about Patience During Loss by Death

Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari RA reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "When a slave's child dies, Allah the Most High asks His angels, 'Have you taken out the life of the child of My slave?" They reply in the affirmative. He then asks, 'Have you taken the fruit of his heart?' They reply in the affirmative. Thereupon he asks, 'What has My slave said?' They say: 'He has praised You and said: Inna lillahi wa inna ilaihi raji'un (We belong to Allah and to Him we shall be returned). Allah says: 'Build a house for My slave in Jannah and name it as Bait-ul-Hamd (the House of Praise)."' (Tirmidhi)

Beautiful Hadith is about Eid Prayers

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed on the day of Eid with no Adhan and no Iqamah. (Ibn Majah)

Beautiful Hadith is about Great Sins

Ibn 'Abbas RA said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)passed by two graves and said, "Both of them (the persons in these graves) are being tortured, and they are not being tortured for a cardinal sin. But indeed they are great sins. One of them used not to save himself from being soiled with his urine, and the other one used to go about with calumnies (among the people to rouse hostilities, e.g.one goes to a person and tells him that so-and-so says about him such and such evil things)." (Bukhari and Muslim)

Beautiful Hadith is about Reading the Quran

Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari RA reported: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Read the Qur'an regularly. By the One in Whose Hand Muhammad's soul is, it escapes from memory faster than a camel does from its tying ropes." (Bukhari and Muslim)

Beautiful Hadith is about Praying at Masjid

Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri RA reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "When you see a man frequenting the masjid, testify that he is a believer because Allah says: 'Allah's masjids are visited only by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day."' (Tirmidhi).

Beautiful Hadith is about Salat

Buraidah RA reported: Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "That which differentiates us from the disbelievers and hypocrites is our performance of Salat. He who abandons it, becomes a disbeliever." (Tirmidhi)

Beautiful Hadith is about Knowledge

Abdullah bin 'Amr bin Al-'As RA reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) saying: "Verily, Allah does not take away knowledge by snatching it from the people, but He takes it away by taking away (the lives of) the religious scholars till none of the scholars stays alive. Then the people will take ignorant ones as their leaders, who, when asked to deliver religious verdicts, will issue them without knowledge, the result being that they will go astray and will lead others astray." (Bukhari and Muslim)